Zoonotic diseases pose a significant global health threat, driven by factors such
as globalization, climate change, urbanization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and inten
sified human–animal interactions. The increasing interconnectedness of human, animal,
and environmental health underscores the importance of the OH paradigm in addressing
zoonotic threats in a globalized world. This review explores the complex epidemiology
of zoonotic diseases, the challenges associated with their management, and the necessity
for cross-sector collaboration to enhance prevention and control efforts. Key public health
strategies, including surveillance systems, infection control measures, and community
education programs, play crucial roles in mitigating outbreaks. However, gaps in gov
ernance, resource allocation, and interdisciplinary cooperation hinder effective disease
management, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To illustrate the effectiveness of the OH approach, this review highlights successful programs, such as the
PREDICTproject, Rwanda’s National One Health Program, the EcoHealth Alliance, and
the Rabies Elimination Program in the Philippines. These initiatives demonstrate how
integrating human, animal, and environmental health efforts can enhance early detection,
improve outbreak responses, and reduce public health burdens. Strengthening global
health governance, enhancing surveillance infrastructure, regulating antimicrobial use, and
investing in research and technological innovations are essential steps toward mitigating
zoonotic risks. Ultimately, a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach is vital for addressing
the dynamic challenges posed by zoonotic diseases and ensuring global health security in
an increasingly interconnected world.