BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age is a multifaceted issue
influenced by various factors, leading to diverse findings across studies. This study aimed to assess
the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age living in
internally displaced persons camps in the Dayniile district of Somalia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study was conducted between December 2022
and July 2023 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Blood samples from children under 5 years of age were
checked for malaria and parasites, as well as for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean cell
volume, and hematocrit. SPSS version 27.0.1 was used for data analysis, involving descriptive and
inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test examined anemia associations due to low expected counts.
RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years old was 17.6%. Anemia severity
varied from mild (8.4%) to moderate (8.7%) to severe (0.5%). No significant correlation was found
between a child’s primary caregiver and anemia status nor between anemia and sex, age, maternal
factors, or family income sources. However, the presence of income from other relatives was
statistically significant (P = 0.046*), indicating that financial support from extended family members
may reduce the incidence of severe anemia in young adults. Children with a history of malaria had
notably higher rates of mild and moderate anemia (25.0% and 75.0%, respectively) than those without.
CONCLUSION: Our study, along with previous research, underscores the complexity of the
prevalence of childhood anemia and its contributing factors. Addressing anemia in children from
lower‑income families and urban areas requires tailored intervention. In addition, controlling malaria
and promoting breastfeeding are essential strategies for reducing the prevalence of anemia in young
children. Overall, a multifaceted approach considering socioeconomic, health, and dietary factors is
crucial for the well‑being of children under 5 years old.