A B S T R A C T
Background: Streptomyces, a prolific genus of bacteria, has been a longstanding source
of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic applications. This review explores the
multifaceted therapeutic potential of Streptomyces and its derivatives as a compelling
alternative to modern therapeutic approaches. The comprehensive analysis covers the
biological diversity of Streptomyces, the intricate mechanisms of its secondary
metabolites, and their impact on various medical domains. Streptomyces, boasting over
500 identified species, is renowned for its production of bioactive compounds with
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties. The primary focus is on the
antibiotics, such as streptomycin and tetracycline, highlighting their significance in
addressing bacterial infections, especially in the context of escalating antibiotic
resistance. Additionally, the review delves into the antifungal activities exhibited by
Streptomyces compounds, contributing to their role in combating mycotic diseases.
Streptomyces-derived compounds have also shown promise in cancer therapeutics, with
specific attention to Streptozotocin and its potential in treating pancreatic cancer. Beyond
their direct antimicrobial and anticancer effects, Streptomyces compounds are recognized
for their immunomodulatory properties, enhancing the body's ability to combat
infections and manage inflammatory conditions. This review underscores the versatility
of Streptomyces in therapeutic applications, ranging from its direct effects on pathogens
to its potential in regulating immune responses. As research in this field advances, the
ongoing exploration of Streptomyces and its bioactive compounds holds significant
promise for the development of innovative and targeted therapeutic interventions,
offering an appealing alternative to contemporary medical approaches.