this study, conducted using the autoregressive Distributed lag (arDl) technique andCointegration analysis, explores the dynamic impacts of economic and environmental factorson agricultural productivity in Somalia, spanning from 1990 to 2023. this study incorporatesdomestic investment, carbon dioxide emissions, rural population growth, and rainfall. thefindings, which have significant practical implications, reveal that increasing domesticinvestment and rural population growth positively influence agricultural output over the longterm. this underscores the crucial role of investing in agricultural infrastructure and humancapital development. Conversely, higher carbon dioxide emissions negatively impactagricultural productivity, highlighting the urgent need to mitigate climate change effects.Moreover, rainfall emerges as a crucial factor positively affecting agricultural output,emphasizing the importance of water management and conservation efforts. these findingslead to several practical policy recommendations to enhance agricultural productivity inSomalia, including investments in agricultural infrastructure, mitigation of carbon emissions,support for rural development, and promotion of water management and conservationinitiatives. implementing these recommendations can contribute to achieving sustainableagricultural growth, improving food security, and fostering economic development in Somalia,aligning with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals.