Background: Maternal influenza vaccination is a vital public health strategy that
safeguards both pregnant women and their newborns against severe respiratory
infections. Influenza during pregnancy increases the risk of complications, including
hospitalization and adverse neonatal outcomes. This review evaluates the effectiveness
of maternal influenza immunization in reducing neonatal respiratory infections by
enhancing passive immunity. It examines the mechanisms of transplacental antibody
transfer, which provide early-life protection for infants who are highly susceptible to
severe influenza-related complications. Evidence from clinical trials and large-scale
vaccination programs demonstrates significant reductions in influenza-related morbidity
among neonates born to vaccinated mothers. Despite these benefits, maternal influenza
vaccine uptake remains suboptimal due to concerns about vaccine safety, limited
awareness, and healthcare access barriers. Addressing these challenges requires targeted
public health interventions, including educational campaigns, healthcare provider
recommendations, and policy initiatives aimed at increasing accessibility and acceptance
of maternal immunization. Strengthening global efforts to improve maternal vaccination
coverage can substantially reduce the burden of neonatal respiratory infections, decrease
healthcare costs, and enhance overall maternal and infant health outcomes. By reviewing
current evidence and identifying strategies for improvement, this paper underscores the
critical role of maternal influenza vaccination in protecting the most vulnerable
populations.