Environmental pollution and its implications are widespread issues that require a comprehensive understanding of effective strategies to mitigate emissions. Given the
unique challenges faced by Somalia, including social, political, and environmental factors, it is crucial to assess the effects of social and political globalization, urbanization,
and institutional quality on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, this study
aims to examine the relationship between these variables and environmental deterioration in Somalia. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound
test, the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method, and causality tests.
The empirical results of the bound test indicated that institutional quality and socialglobalization enhance environmental quality by reducing environmental pollution in
Somalia in the long run. On the contrary, economic growth impedes environmental
quality in Somalia in the long run. However, political globalization and urbanization
are inconsequential in the long run. To obtain reliable results, we conduct a robust
analysis using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. And the
results of the study are robust for the various methods used. Based on the empirical
evidence, the study offers several policy implications.