Background: Global health concerns have arisen following the discovery and
emergence of the akhmeta virus (AKMV) in Georgia. The first two cases of AKMV
infection, a novel orthopoxvirus, in 2013, diagnosed among two cattle herders, prompted
scientific research into the cause, dynamics of transmission, and clinical signs of the
infection. Advancements in genomic technology, particularly regarding genomic
characterization, have revealed distinct traits and potential recombination events,
shedding light on this organism's evolutionary history and pathogenicity. The
characteristic skin lesions and systemic signs of AKMV infections make identification
and treatment difficult. An adequate understanding of the natural history and
transmission mechanisms is imperative to enact strategic infection prevention measures.
More so, immunization, monitoring, and early case identification, backed up by a high
index of suspicion, are crucial in mitigating the progression of isolated outbreaks into
large-scale epidemics. The disease management modalities must prioritize primary
prevention and biohazard combat measures. Concurrently, proactive measures for the
prompt development of precision antiviral agents are being instituted to abate further
public health harm. To address stigma and foster inclusivity, the disease taxonomy and
nomenclature for AKMV should be aligned with WHO guidelines on disease
classification and terminology. Mitigating the impact of AKMV and other emerging
infectious illnesses on public health requires proactive measures like vaccination,
surveillance, and research into antiviral medicines. The role of relevant stakeholders,
such as the government, researchers, and healthcare practitioners, is pivotal to combating
the potential threat posed by the AKMV.