Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Somalia: do renewable energy and urbanization matter?

Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between renewable energy Consumption, urbanization, and carbon emissions in Somalia, a region facing pressing environmental challenges. The study uses advanced econometric techniques like the ARDL model to uncover short- and long-term dynamics that impact environmental degradation. In the short term, this study found that renewable energy consumption and domestic investment have a significant negative correlation with carbon dioxide emissions, highlighting the immediate impact of environmental mitigation. Conversely, urban population dynamics have a modest immediate effect. In the long run, this study revealed that renewable energy consumption consistently correlates negatively with carbon emissions, indicating its potential to drive sustainable development and reduce reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources over time. However, the positive correlation between urban population and carbon emissions underscores the importance of addressing urbanization challenges to promote environmental conservation efforts. This study recommends policy interventions prioritizing renewable energy consumption and sustainable urban development to achieve long-lasting environmental sustainability in Somalia.

IMPACT STATEMENT
Somalia is one of the African counties suffer climate change problems without contributions, This study provides valuable empirical evidence on the relationship between renewable energy consumption, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions in Somalia, addressing a significant gap in existing research. By employing advanced econometric techniques, such as the ARDL model and Granger causality tests, the research confirms that renewable energy and domestic investment play a critical role in reducing CO2 emissions, while urbanization and economic growth contribute to increasing emissions. These findings highlight the need for Somalia to prioritize investments in renewable energy infrastructure and sustainable urban planning to mitigate the adverse effects of carbon emissions. Additionally, the study's recommendations for policy interventions, including promoting cleaner energy sources, enhancing domestic investment, and raising environmental awareness, offer actionable insights that can drive Somalia toward achieving environmental sustainability and meeting its climate change goals